智慧的地球的介绍

1. 智慧的地球的介绍

“智慧地球”是IBM公司首席执行官彭明盛2008年首次提出的新概念。他认为，智能技术正应用到生活的各个方面，如智慧的医疗、智慧的交通、智慧的电力、智慧的食品、智慧的货币、智慧的零售业、智慧的基础设施甚至智慧的城市，这使地球变得越来越智能化。 但有人对IBM公司的真正意图提出质疑。

2. 智慧地球的介绍

《智慧地球》是一本由东方出版社出版于200年11月1日的地球类书籍。

3. 智慧地球的介绍

智慧地球也称为智能地球，就是把感应器嵌入和装备到电网、铁路、桥梁、隧道、公路、建筑、供水系统、大坝、油气管道等各种物体中，并且被普遍连接，形成所谓“物联网”，然后将“物联网”与现有的互联网整合起来，实现人类社会与物理系统的整合。这一概念由IBM首席执行官彭明盛首次提出。

4. 智慧的地球的相关

它是有关人类与科技的全面结合给世界带来改变的一些看法。具体而言，是指各种系统和处理流程在生活中所起的作用，包括对物品的设计、生成、制造、买卖；服务任务的完成；所有事物的移动，包括人类、货币、石油、水资源和电子；及至数十亿人要工作，自我管理和生活。促成改变的催化剂：世界基础结构发生了变化，日益向全面协作、相互关联和智能化发展。* 到2010年，人类将人均拥有十亿个晶体管。每一个晶体管的成本为一分钱的千万分之一。人类科技将被植入数以十亿记的装置当中，包括车辆、器械、道路，等等。* 到2011 年，预计二十亿人将以前所未有的方式通过不同的装置连入网络。* 大规模超强计算机和计算“云”环境将以经济适用的方式用于处理、成型、预测和分析堆积如山的数据。智能机场、智能银行、智能道路、智能城市―― 低成本的技术已经随处可见，随时可用。因此，这个有关智能化的清单可以无限制地罗列下去。当整个科技业受到经济低迷困扰之时，“大师”IBM又要“指点江山”了。在11月28日IT经理世界杂志举办的经理世界年会上，IBM大中华区总裁钱大群首次披露了即将在全球推出全新战略理念——智能星球。据说，为了这个新战略，IBM已经研究、准备近两年的时间，具体在中国怎样以更中国化的理念进行包装，IBM内部还在探讨中。每当产业走到一个关键时刻，IBM就会以引领者的角色来“指点江山”——从95年提出的“e-business”，到2002年的“电子商务随需应变”，到现在的“智慧星球”。仔细想想，这几个战略都是一脉相承的，也都是基于IBM自身需要和产业背景所产生的。1995年，在很多人还不知道电子商务为何物时，IBM就预先提出“e-business”战略理念，此后网络时代的兴起，企业开始兴建网站，购买IT基础设备。这推动了IT基础设施走入普及阶段。2002年，互联网泡沫破灭后，IT走下神坛，引发了业界对“IT不再重要”的争论。此时，IBM又适时地推出了“e-business on demand”——重点在“on demand”。当客户开始捂着钱包说：环境不好，我不买IT设施了！而IBM则巧妙地说：没关系，我可以根据您的需求提供服务，你可以像用水用电一样需要多少买多少。有意思的是，前两个理念，还包括几十年前的大型机战略，被IBM成为三次“登月计划”，而这次IBM的新理念成为“智慧星球”——不是“月”就是“星”，咋一听起来，很大很空，甚至，刚开始时，IBM内部人也不一定很懂。但是，事实上，IBM每次理念的提出和随之“传教”式的推广，都成为了产业的风向标，引领了整个IT业跟随IBM的脚步而调整和前行。如果说，前两个战略理念——“电子商务”和“电子商务随需应变”，IBM的着眼点是企业，而现在“智慧星球”的着眼点更广——也许IBM发现，企业信息化、电子商务的实现，光靠自己企业自身无法实现，这需要不仅包括企业自身，还包括政府、社区等整个社会、整个生态链共同来实现。就像网上购物，美国很容易实现，是因为用配套的环境支持。而我国因为支付问题、信用等问题，难以普及——这已经不是技术问题。所以，就像钱大群在演讲中所谈到的要实现“智能星球”的挑战比以前实施“电子商务”和“电子商务随需应变”都要大很多，“不是一个企业可以做到的，要彼此合作，比如，你要解决一个水污染问题的时候，水污染的上游说我做了，下游说我不管，或者下游做了上游不管都没有办法，只有在一起共同协作才能解决这个问题。”IBM最精明和老到之处，每次战略理念的推出，都很高屋建瓴，出发点都是别人，而落脚点却是自己——IBM不仅可以提供咨询（点子），还可以提供整套的解决方案。这实际上是作为产业引领者的IBM做生意的方式。在把金融行业的钱赚得差不多以后，IBM近几年开始把触角伸到电信、医疗、交通、制造等各行各业，而要打动像医疗、交通等国家基础设施部门的“钱袋”，情况更为复杂，需要的是系统工程。IBM适时提出了这个新理念——智能星球，正是基于这样的背景。如果说，IBM以前的理念主要是“忽悠”企业，现在“智慧星球”的提出则更重要的是与政府部门合作。此时，国家4万亿投资基础设施的计划推出之时，IBM推出的“智能星球”战略，强调“实体基础设施和信息基础设施不应该分开建设，而应该是统一的智能基础设施”也正是IBM此理念的精髓之处。在现在经济危机背景下，IBM新战略的卖点则是降低监管风险、提升效益，更加节能、更加绿色等，这几点，钱大群演讲中阐述的“智能星球”的例子都有提及——这正是急政府之所急、想政府之所想。

5. 智慧地球的在中国的发展

在IBM《智慧地球赢在中国》计划书中，IBM为中国量身打造了六大智慧(601519,股吧)解决方案：“智慧电力”、“智慧医疗”、“智慧城市”、“智慧交通”、“智慧供应链”和“智慧银行”。随着我国发展物联网、云计算热潮的不断升温，IBM在“智慧的计算”、“智慧的数据中心”等方面也投入了更多的研发力量，并积极与国内相关机构寻求合作。2009年以来，IBM的这些智慧解决方案，已经陆续在我国各个层面得以推进。据不完全统计，仅智慧城市一项，我国就有数百个城市正在或即将与IBM开展合作。 技术路径选择问题。从技术层面看，我国在发展与“智慧地球”密切相关的传感器、云计算等物联网技术方面，面临着两种选择：一是完全采用IBM公司的“智慧地球”技术和产品，这将可能导致我国相关技术自主研发能力的丧失；二是依靠自己的力量，发展我国自己的智慧系统（或称“智慧中国”），从而掌握“智慧中国”构建的主动权。但现实情况是，虽然我国在研发方面已经具备了较好的发展基础，且物联网研究也与国际同步，但在核心技术的突破方面还远远不够。 在高端传感器方面，我国的生产能力严重缺乏，现有的传感器灵敏度较低，直接影响传感器的作用距离；在与云计算密切相关的云计算基础架构等方面，我国各研发机构的关注程度也很不足，核心电子器件、高端通用芯片和大型系统软件等，仍过多依靠购买国外的成品；我国在核心晶片制造工艺和技术方面也很不成熟；中间件、开发环境和应用软件开发等也普遍薄弱。此外，我国应用层研发的起步也较晚，且大部分分散于低端层次。因此，如何发展中国的智慧系统，到底选择哪一条技术发展路径，我国确实面临着相当程度的技术风险。 重复建设和市场风险问题。当前，我国与“智慧地球”直接相关的物联网、云计算等产业规模持续增大，一些重点城市在发展物联网、云计算过程中，通常依据自己对“智慧”的理解，以及自身城市建设的需求进行布局。目前，我国有上百个地区提出建设“智慧城市”，30多个省市将物联网作为产业发展重点，80%以上城市将物联网列为主导产业，已经出现了明显过热的发展苗头。有专家对这种“一拥而上”的重复建设现象，纷纷表达出担忧，认为当前过热的物联网、云计算和“智慧城市”等的建设，将有可能导致新的产能过剩。 此外，我国发展物联网、云计算等智慧系统，也面临着我国市场被跨国公司垄断的风险。IBM公司的研发实力和对中国的发展战略，以及中国巨大的经济发展需求，都为 IBM“智慧地球”抢占中国市场提供了新的机遇。仅以 2011年统计为例，IBM在中国市场就已连续12年蝉联整体服务器市场全国排名第一，连续12年蝉联中国UNIX服务器市场第一，连续 8年蝉联中国外部存储系统市场全国第一。IBM公司2012年计划：将通过创新和务实的战略，帮助中国企业和政府机构提升云计算、业务分析与优化、智慧的商务、智慧的城市、高端系统/智慧的运算等关键能力，并要在重点行业、中型企业、区域拓展和公司建设等领域寻求突破，以实现发展转型和“智慧的成长”。 海量数据管理与信息安全问题。IBM“智慧地球”战略在我国的实施，必将引发深层次的国家信息安全风险，这一点需要引起我们的高度重视。“智慧地球”所倡导的“更全面的互联互通”，目标是要实现国家层面乃至全球基础设施甚至自然资源的互联互通。而这种互联互通，则极有可能为某些跨国大公司借助技术手段，掌控全球范围的各种资源提供便利。 就海量数据管理来看，目前我国数据中心的产业规模已跃居全球第一，随着物联网未来在国家电网、交通、物流、家居、医疗、农业、国防军事等众多领域的广泛应用，必将产生更多的数据，而对这些海量数据的分析和管理，也将变得越来越重要。因此，虽然物联网、云计算乃至“智慧地球”具有广阔的应用前景和巨大的市场规模，但其存在的可靠性、安全性等方面的问题，目前还没有有效的解决办法。有专家认为，以我国现有的信息安全防护体系，实在难以保证事关国家安全的敏感信息不外泄，我国所面临的国家信息安全风险必将越来越严峻。

6. 智能星球的智慧的地球

下面是IBM CEO Sam Palmisano关于智能星球的阐述,又名智慧的地球。It is a pleasure and an honor to be here today in this distinguished assembly, and at this extraordinary moment: a major political transition in the United States, the global economy in flux, our financial markets restructuring themselves—and an acutely felt need for leadership.Our political leaders aren't the only ones who've been handed a mandate for change. Leaders of businesses and institutions everywhere confront a unique opportunity to transform the way the world works.We have this chance for reasons no one wished. The crisis in our financial markets has jolted us awake to the realities and dangers of highly complex global systems. But in truth, the first decade of the 21st century has been a series of wake-up calls with a single subject: the reality of global integration.Two years ago, I published an essay in Foreign Affairs that described the changing structure of the corporation, which I felt had been largely left out of the discussion on globalization. I described the emergence of a new kind of corporation—the globally integrated enterprise, which was replacing the multinational.Today there is growing consensus that global integration is changing the corporate model and the nature of work itself. But we now see that the movement of information, work and capital across developed and developing nations—as profound as those are—constitute just one aspect of global integration.In the last few years, our eyes have been opened to global climate change, and to the environmental and geopolitical issues surrounding energy. We have been made aware of global supply chains for food and medicine. And, of course, we entered the new century with the shock to our sense of security delivered by the attacks on 9/11.These collective realisations have reminded us that we are all now connected—economically, technically and socially. But we're also learning that being connected is not sufficient. Yes, the world continues to get flatter. And yes, it continues to get smaller and more interconnected. But something is happening that holds even greater potential. In a word, our planet is becoming smarter.This isn't just a metaphor. I mean infusing intelligence into the way the world literally works—the systems and processes that enable physical goods to be developed, manufactured, bought and sold... services to be delivered... everything from people and money to oil, water and electrons to move... and billions of people to work and live.What's making this possible?First, our world is becoming instrumented: The transistor, invented 60 years ago, is the basic building block of the digital age. Now, consider a world in which there are a billion transistors per human, each one costing one ten-millionth of a cent. We'll have that by 2010. There will likely be 4 billion mobile phone subscribers by the end of this year... and 30 billion Radio Frequency Identification tags produced globally within two years. Sensors are being embedded across entire ecosystems—supply-chains, healthcare networks, cities... even natural systems like rivers. Second, our world is becoming interconnected: Very soon there will be 2 billion people on the Internet. But in an instrumented world, systems and objects can now speak to one another, too. Think about the prospect of a trillion connected and intelligent things—cars, appliances, cameras, roadways, pipelines... even pharmaceuticals and livestock. The amount of information produced by the interaction of all those things will be unprecedented. Third, all things are becoming intelligent: New computing models can handle the proliferation of end-user devices, sensors and actuators and connect them with back-end systems. Combined with advanced analytics, those supercomputers can turn mountains of data into intelligence that can be translated into action, making our systems, processes and infrastructures more efficient, more productive and responsive—in a word, smarter. What this means is that the digital and physical infrastructures of the world are converging. Computational power is being put into things we wouldn't recognize as computers. Indeed, almost anything—any person, any object, any process or any service, for any organization, large or small—can become digitally aware and networked.With so much technology and networking abundantly available at such low cost, what wouldn't you enhance? What service wouldn't you provide a customer, citizen, student or patient? What wouldn't you connect? What information wouldn't you mine for insight?The answer is, you or your competitor—another company, or another city or nation—will do all of that. You will do it because you can—the technology is available and affordable.But there is another reason we will make our companies, institutions and industries smarter. Because we must. Not just at moments of widespread shock, but integrated into our day-to-day operations. These mundane processes of business, government and life—which are ultimately the source of those surprising crises—are not smart enough to be sustainable.Consider:How much energy we waste: According to published reports, the losses of electrical energy because grid systems are not smart range as high as 40 to 70 percent around the world. How gridlocked our cities are: Congested roadways in the U.S. cost $78 billion annually, in the form of 4.2 billion lost hours and 2.9 billion gallons of wasted gas—and that's not even counting the impact on our air quality. How inefficient our supply chains are: Consumer product and retail industries lose about $40 billion annually, or 3.5 percent of their sales, due to supply chain inefficiencies. How antiquated our healthcare system is: In truth, it isn't a system at all. It doesn't link from diagnosis, to drug discovery, to healthcare deliverers, to insurers, to employers. Meanwhile, personal expenditures on health now push more than 100 million people worldwide below the poverty line each year. How our planet's water supply is drying up: Global water usage has increased six-fold since the 1900s, twice the rate of human population growth. According to the Asian Development Bank, one in five people living today lacks access to safe drinking water, and half the world's population does not have adequate sanitation. And, of course, the crisis in our financial markets: This will be analyzed for decades, but one thing is already clear. Financial institutions spread risk but weren't able to track risk—and that uncertainty, that lack of knowing with precision, undermined confidence. It's obvious, when you consider the trajectories of development driving the planet today, that we're going to have to run a lot smarter and more efficiently—especially as we seek the next areas of investment to drive economic growth and to move large parts of the global economy out of recession.Fortunately, we now can. We see this in how companies and institutions are rethinking their systems and applying technology in new ways.Stockholm's smart traffic system has resulted in 20 percent less traffic, a 12 percent drop in emissions and a reported 40,000 additional daily users of public transport. Smart traffic systems are strengthening the competitive positions of cities from London to Brisbane to Singapore—with many more being planned. Intelligent oil field technologies can increase both pump performance and well productivity—in a business where only 20-30 percent of available reserves are currently extracted. Smart food systems—such as one now running in the Nordics—can use RFID technology to trace meat and poultry from the farm through the supply chain to supermarket shelves. Smart healthcare can lower the cost of therapy by as much as 90 percent—as ActiveCare Network is doing for more than 2 million patients in 38 states, whom it monitors for the proper delivery of their injections and vaccines. There are many other examples I could cite. Smart systems are transforming energy grids, supply chains and water management. They are ensuring the authenticity of pharmaceuticals and the security of currency exchanges. And they are changing everything from organisations' business models to how they enable their employees to collaborate and innovate.And remember, the opportunity to become smarter applies not just to large enterprises, but to smaller and mid-sized companies—the engines of economic growth everywhere. When we think about systems like supply chains, healthcare delivery and food systems, we're really talking about the interactions of hundreds, even thousands of companies, most of them small.This opportunity also applies beyond business. Smart infrastructure is becoming the basis of competition between nations, regions and cities.In a globally integrated economy, investment and work flow not only to the places in the world that offer cost advantages, skills and expertise. It is flowing to countries, regions and cities that offer smart infrastructure—everything from efficient transportation systems, modern airports and secure trade lanes... to reliable energy grids, transparent and trusted markets, and enhanced quality of life.Certainly, as you travel the world, you see countries everywhere leapfrogging—not only to the latest technology and to digital infrastructures, but to the most modern business designs, processes and models. Ultimately, this is about competitiveness in a globally integrated economy.The importance of this moment, I believe, is that the key precondition for real change now exists: People want it. But this moment will not last forever.Isn't it true that the hardest part of driving any kind of change is whether the individual—the employee, the citizen—feels the need to change at a deeply personal level? And in hindsight, when the circumstances that cry out for change are gone, when things have returned to normal—don't we always wish we had been bolder, more ambitious, gone faster, gone further?Well, today, from the boardroom to the kitchen table, people everywhere are ready, eager for a new way of doing things.That's why a period of discontinuity is, for those with courage and vision, a period of opportunity. Over the next couple of years, there will be winners, and there will be losers. And though it may not be easy to see now, I believe we will see new leaders emerge who win not by surviving the storm, but by changing the game.To do that, they will practice forms of leadership that are very different from the models of the past.Think about the way the world today actually works: Very few of our systems are the responsibility of a single entity or decision-maker. So leaders will need to hone their collaboration skills, because we will need leadership that pulls across systems. We will need to bring together stakeholders and experts from across business, government and academia, and all of them will need to move outside their traditional comfort zones. This is something on which the Council on Foreign Relations has been showing the way for many years.There is much serious work ahead of us, as leaders and as citizens. Together, we have to consciously infuse intelligence into our decision-making and management systems... not just infuse our processes with more speed and capacity.But I think one thing is clear: The world will continue to become smaller, flatter... and smarter. We are moving into the age of the globally integrated and intelligent economy, society and planet. The question is, what will we do with that?The world now beckoning us is one of enormous promise. And I believe it is one that we can build—if we open our minds and let ourselves think about all that a smarter planet could be.

7. 智慧地球是谁提出的?

智慧地球是彭明盛提出的。
2008年11月IBM提出“智慧地球”概念，2009年1月，美国奥巴马总统公开肯定了IBM“智慧地球”思路，2009年8月，IBM又发布了《智慧地球赢在中国》计划书，正式揭开 IBM“智慧地球”中国战略的序幕。

主要介绍
智慧地球是指把新一代的IT、互联网技术充分运用到各行各业，把感应器嵌入、装备到全球的医院、电网、铁路、桥梁、隧道、公路、建筑、供水系统、大坝、油气管道，通过互联网形成“物联网”。
而后通过超级计算机和云计算，使得人类以更加精细、动态的方式工作和生活，从而在世界范围内提升“智慧水平”，最终就是“互联网＋物联网＝智慧地球”。
以上内容参考：百度百科-智慧地球

8. 智慧地球是谁提出的?

智慧地球是彭明盛提出的。
2008年11月IBM提出“智慧地球”概念，2009年1月，美国奥巴马总统公开肯定了IBM“智慧地球”思路，2009年10月，IBM又发布了《智慧地球赢在中国》计划书，正式揭开 IBM“智慧地球”中国战略的序幕。
智慧地球是指把新一代的IT、互联网技术充分运用到各行各业，把感应器嵌入、装备到全球的医院、电网、铁路、桥梁、隧道、公路、建筑、供水系统、大坝、油气管道，通过互联网形成“物联网”。
而后通过超级计算机和云计算，使得人类以更加精细、动态的方式工作和生活，从而在世界范围内提升“智慧水平”，最终就是“互联网＋物联网＝智慧地球”。

 背景
智慧城市的概念源于2008年IBM公司提出的"智慧地球"理念，被认为是信息时代城市发展的方向、文明发展的趋势，其实质是将物联网、大数据、云计算、人工智能、区块链等信息技术与城市有机融合。
对城市居民生活工作、企业经营发展、政府行政管理过程中的相关活动，进行智慧化地感知、分析与集成，从而为市民提供更美好的生活和工作服务、为企业创造更有利的商业发展环境、为政府赋能更高效的运营与管理机制。
在政府的支持和企业的参与下，智慧城市建设也取得阶段性进展。截至目前，我国95%的副省级城市、83%的地级城市，总计超过500座城市，均明确提出或正在建设智慧城市。